The early programs of applying to college come in two basic varities: Early Decision (ED) and Early Action (EA). Both require students to apply by an early deadline, generally between October 15 and December 1. The college generally renders a decision between December 15 and February 1. Borderline applicants in the early pool are generally “deferred” for consideration with the regular applicant pool. The key difference between the two is that:

Early Decision: You accept a binding agreement that, if your early decision application is approved, you will attend the college and withdraw any application to other colleges.
Early Action: You submit an early application with the promise of an early response, but you make no promise to attend and are free to apply to other schools.

Before you make any decisions, you should thoroughly research and visit a range of schools.

BENEFITS OF EARLY DECISION:

If you really do have a foolproof, definite, 110% sure first choice, early decision is worth considering. ED began as a way to help applicants avoid 5 months of nail biting between filing an application and receiving a decision.

On a practical level, ED will give you a slight advantage at top schools and a significant advantage at less selective schools. Colleges would much prefer to enroll students who really want to be there (demonstrated by an early commitment) rather than others who come only because they were denied admission at other schools. To sum it up, early decision is probably a good idea for borderline students with low financial need who have a clear first choice.

PITFALLS OF EARLY DECISION:

From the moment you mail the application, there’s no turning back. You can apply ED to only one school and, if it accepts you, all other applications must be withdrawn. If affordability is a concern, ED is probably not the right choice for you. Although you will receive an estimated financial award when a college accepts you, you will not be able to compare aid offers from other schools.

You will need to begin the college process early, understand the rules, and meet all deadlines. Only students who have thoroughly investigated colleges and completed most standardized testing by the end of 11th grade will be in a strong position to consider early application.

EARLY ACTION:

Early action is much less agonizing. If you have a first choice that offers early action and you feel that you are a strong candidate, you might as well take the plunge. You’re under no obligation and you have until May 1st to make a decision. Because EA entails no commitment to enroll, it generally gives little advantage in admissions. But EA student are often first in line for merit scholarships and housing.